Chrysanthemum production statistics vary substantially by product type and geography. India’s national series separates loose flowers from cut flowers, while state and district records use measures such as sticks, hectares, and metric tonnes. The figures below keep those units, locations, and measurement periods explicit.
Contents
- India’s national cultivation and loose-flower series
- India’s cut-flower production series
- State and district production benchmarks
- Chittoor and West Bengal regional output
- Himachal Pradesh survey and department estimates
- Yield and production-cycle benchmarks
India’s national cultivation and loose-flower series
The Report on Floriculture records India’s chrysanthemum cultivation area and loose-flower output from 2011-2012 through 2022-2023. The final year is identified in the report as a first advance estimate, so it should be read differently from a completed historical observation.
| Period | Cultivation area (thousand hectares) | Loose flowers (thousand metric tonnes) |
|---|---|---|
| 2011-2012 | 18.68 | 195.10 |
| 2012-2013 | 18.36 | 175.61 |
| 2013-2014 | 16.63 | 179.37 |
| 2014-2015 | 11.05 | 106.76 |
| 2015-2016 | 20.09 | 185.24 |
| 2016-2017 | 21.28 | 300.08 |
| 2017-2018 | 25.76 | 464.41 |
| 2018-2019 | 22.09 | 521.26 |
| 2019-2020 | 25.28 | 585.64 |
| 2020-2021 | 24.02 | 456.11 |
| 2021-2022 | 30.50 | 443.59 |
| 2022-2023, first advance estimate | 30.76 | 445.37 |
The area record moves from 18.68 thousand hectares in 2011-2012 to 30.76 thousand hectares in the 2022-2023 first advance estimate. The series also shows that cultivated area and loose-flower output do not move in lockstep. For example, area is 11.05 thousand hectares in 2014-2015, alongside 106.76 thousand metric tonnes of loose flowers. In 2021-2022, the recorded area is much higher at 30.50 thousand hectares, while output is 443.59 thousand metric tonnes.
The largest listed loose-flower figure is 585.64 thousand metric tonnes in 2019-2020. The following observations are 456.11 thousand metric tonnes in 2020-2021, 443.59 thousand metric tonnes in 2021-2022, and 445.37 thousand metric tonnes in the 2022-2023 first advance estimate. Those labels matter: the last value is an advance estimate rather than a completed final estimate.
The early part of the record is also uneven. Loose-flower output is 195.10 thousand metric tonnes in 2011-2012, falls to 175.61 thousand metric tonnes in 2012-2013, and is 179.37 thousand metric tonnes in 2013-2014. The 2014-2015 value is 106.76 thousand metric tonnes. The Report on Floriculture is the source for each national observation in this series.
India’s cut-flower production series
The same Report on Floriculture presents a separate chrysanthemum cut-flower series. Its units change within the reported record: 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 are given as lakh cut flowers, while later entries are reported in thousand metric tonnes. These values should therefore not be combined as though they were one uninterrupted unit series.
The report lists 1,476.68 lakh cut flowers in 2011-2012 and 30.58 lakh cut flowers in 2012-2013. It then reports 5.72 thousand metric tonnes in 2013-2014 and 6.03 thousand metric tonnes in 2014-2015. The next observations are 14.93 thousand metric tonnes in 2015-2016 and 15.14 thousand metric tonnes in 2016-2017.
For the later periods, recorded cut-flower production is 14.85 thousand metric tonnes in 2017-2018, 15.09 thousand metric tonnes in 2018-2019, and 15.86 thousand metric tonnes in 2019-2020. The series gives 15.74 thousand metric tonnes in 2020-2021 and 18.49 thousand metric tonnes in 2021-2022. The 2022-2023 first advance estimate is 17.75 thousand metric tonnes.
The cut-flower figures are a distinct reporting category from loose-flower production. The national loose-flower figure for 2022-2023 is 445.37 thousand metric tonnes, while the cut-flower figure for the same period is 17.75 thousand metric tonnes. Both are from the first advance estimate period, but the report presents them as different measures and units.
State and district production benchmarks
State and district records show how different local reporting systems can be. Haryana’s Statistical Abstract of Haryana, 2021-22 labels its chrysanthemum observations provisional. It records 65 hectares of open chrysanthemum cultivation and 60,120 open chrysanthemum sticks in 2021-2022. For cut-flower chrysanthemum, the state record gives 30 hectares and 61,181 sticks.
The Haryana district entries are concentrated in two reported locations. Karnal records 5 hectares and 60,000 open chrysanthemum sticks in 2021-2022. Palwal records 30 hectares and 61 open chrysanthemum sticks. Both observations are provisional and come from the same statistical abstract. The difference between the state-level open-stick total and the district figures should be preserved as reported rather than reconciled with unsupported assumptions.
Kalimpong provides a separate district benchmark. The District Export Promotion Profile: Kalimpong records 0.909 thousand hectares under total flower cultivation in 2023-2024 and 0.80 crore chrysanthemum cut-flower sticks in that period. The area measure is for total flower cultivation, whereas the production measure is specifically chrysanthemum cut-flower sticks; they are not equivalent scopes.
These examples illustrate why chrysanthemum production comparisons need a unit and scope check before interpretation. Haryana’s figures are provisional 2021-2022 state and district observations, Kalimpong’s area is total flower cultivation in 2023-2024, and Kalimpong’s output is chrysanthemum cut-flower sticks. None is directly interchangeable with India’s national loose-flower metric-tonne series.
Chittoor and West Bengal regional output
The District Environmental Plan, Chittoor District reports 2,624 hectares cultivated with chrysanthemum in Chittoor district during 2017-2018. It records production of 52,470 metric tonnes for the same district and period. These are district-specific figures, not national totals.
West Bengal’s Final Estimate of Area and Production of Crops, West Bengal, 2022-23 reports 0.896 thousand hectares of chrysanthemum in 2022-2023. It gives production of 50.516 crore chrysanthemum cut-flower sticks. The West Bengal output is counted in sticks, so it should not be compared numerically with Chittoor’s metric-tonne figure without a supplied conversion.
| Geography and period | Area | Reported output | Output unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chittoor district, 2017-2018 | 2,624 hectares | 52,470 | metric tonnes |
| West Bengal, 2022-2023 | 0.896 thousand hectares | 50.516 crore | cut-flower sticks |
| Kalimpong district, 2023-2024 | 0.909 thousand hectares under total flowers | 0.80 crore | chrysanthemum cut-flower sticks |
The table places the geographic and temporal context beside each measurement. Chittoor’s record is earlier and uses metric tonnes; West Bengal and Kalimpong use cut-flower sticks. Kalimpong’s area also describes total flower cultivation rather than only chrysanthemum cultivation.
Himachal Pradesh survey and department estimates
The Agricultural Situation in India, September 2015 reports two sets of Sargaon, Himachal Pradesh, figures for the reported study period: a village survey and a horticulture-department record. The report measures 9.48 hectares of chrysanthemum in the village survey and 3,826,159 chrysanthemum sticks of production. The survey yield is reported as 403,603 sticks per hectare.
The Himachal Pradesh horticulture department’s Sargaon record gives 7.52 hectares and 6,091,200 chrysanthemum sticks. Its corresponding estimate is 810,000 sticks per hectare. The report states that the survey-to-department gap was 37.18% for chrysanthemum production in Sargaon.
These observations are a village-level comparison in a report published in 2015. They are not a national estimate, and the study period is described here as the reported study period rather than assigned a new calendar year. The two area values, 9.48 hectares from the survey and 7.52 hectares from the department, belong to different measurement approaches. The same applies to the production values of 3,826,159 and 6,091,200 sticks.
The yield difference is also explicit in the source: 403,603 sticks per hectare for the survey and 810,000 sticks per hectare for the department estimate. Because these are not the same method or scope, the figures are most useful as a documented comparison of local estimates rather than as a generalized production rate.
Yield and production-cycle benchmarks
The Report on Floriculture gives three undated production benchmarks. It lists main-crop chrysanthemum yield at 9–10 tonnes per hectare and ratoon-crop yield at 4–5 tonnes per hectare. The report also gives approximately 100,000 chrysanthemum stems per hectare.
| Benchmark | Reported figure | Period label |
|---|---|---|
| Main-crop yield | 9–10 tonnes per hectare | Undated production benchmark in report |
| Ratoon-crop yield | 4–5 tonnes per hectare | Undated production benchmark in report |
| Chrysanthemum stems | Approximately 100,000 per hectare | Undated production benchmark in report |
The main-crop and ratoon-crop figures are production-cycle benchmarks, not dated national observations. They also use tonnes per hectare, while the Sargaon comparison uses sticks per hectare and the West Bengal record uses total sticks. The units describe different measurement systems and should remain separate when assessing production capacity.
Taken together, the benchmarks provide context for reading the longer national series: a national area figure, a loose-flower total, a cut-flower series, and a local yield estimate answer different questions. The measurement period, geography, crop category, and unit are essential parts of each chrysanthemum production statistic.